General Knowledge from Sra1DSC

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Ghazi Malik was the founder and first ruler of?
[A]Khilji Dynasty
[B]Mamluk Dynasty
[C]Tughlaq Dynasty
[D]Slave Dynasty
Ans:C

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Which ruler is known for Junagarh Rock Inscription? [A]Rudradaman I
[B]Jivadaman
[C]Damajadasri
[D]Jayadaman
Ans:A

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Which country has Vikram Samvat as Official Calendar?
[A]India
[B]India and Nepal
[C]Nepal and Sri Lanka
[D]Nepal
ans. D

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After the victory on __ the Vikrama Samvat was founded by the Tuar Rajput emperor Vikramaditya of Ujjain?
[A]Shakas

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The 1st Vice Chairman of the Planning Commission:
V.T. Krishnamachari
Foreign rulers were the last to leave the country: Portugese

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Marie Curie. Polish-born French physicist, famous for her work on radioactivity and twice awinner ofthe Nobel Prize.

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Helen Clark, New Zealand politician who was prime minister (1999–2008)

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Benazir Bhutto, Pak politician & the 1st woman leader ofa Muslim nation. She served 2 terms as PM of Pak, in 1988–90 & in1993–96.

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Sirimavo R.D. Bandaranaike party's victory in the 1960 Ceylon general election,became the world's firstwoman prime minister.

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Sirimavo R.D. Bandaranaike in full Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike born April17, 1916, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka died Oct 10,2000.

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AungSan SuuKyi, politician&oposition leader f Myanmar, daughter of Aung San& Khin Kyi&winner f the Nobel Prize 4r Peace in 1991

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The World Bank is one of five institutions created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944.

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World Bank comprises: The International Bank for Reconstruction& Development(IBRD)& theInternational Development Association(IDA)

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Jim Yong Kim is elected President of the World Bank

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Amid a dispute with Repsol and the government of Spain , Argentina announces re-nationalisation of theoil company YPF.

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Taur Matan Ruak is elected President of East Timor

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Mamata Banerje : West Bengal government to launch own TV channel, newspaper

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Constitution of India and Polity 3

NEW STATES IN INDIA CREATED AFTER 1950 Following are the new states in India created after 1950. Andhra Pradesh Created by the State of Andhra Pradesh Act 1953 by carving our some areas fromthe State of Chennai Gujarat and Maharashtra The State of Mumbai was divided into two States i.e. Maharashtra and Gujarat by the Mumbai (Reorganisation) Act 1960 Kerala Created by the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. It comprised Travancor and Cochin areas Karnataka Created from the Princely State of Mysuru by the StateReorganisation Act, 1956. It was renamed Karnataka in 1973 Nagaland It was carved out from the State of Asom by the State ofNagaland Act, 1952 Haryana It was carved out from the State of Punjab by the Punjab (Reorganisation) Act, 1966 Himachal Pradesh The Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh was elevated to the status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970 Meghalaya First carved out as a sub-State within the State ofAsom by 23 Constitutional Amendment Act, 1969. Later in 1971, it received the status of a full-fledged Stateby the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971 Manipura and Tripura Both these States were elevated from the status of Union-Territories by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971 Sikkim Sikkim was first given the Status of Associate State by the 35th Constitutional Amendment Act 1974. It got the status of a full State in 1975 by the 36th AmendmentAct, 1975 Mizoram It was elevated to the statusof a full State by the State ofMizoram Act, 1986 Arunachal Pradesh It received the status of a full state by the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1896 Goa Goa was separated from the Union-Territory of Goa, Daman and Diu and was made a full-fledged State of Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganisation Act 1987. But Daman and Diu remained as Union Territory Chhattisgarh Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000 Uttarakhand Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Uttar Pradesh on November 9, 2000 Jharkhand Formed by the Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 by dividing Bihar on November 15, 2000 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN INDIA The Fundamental Rights in Indian constitution acts as a guarantee that all Indian citizens can and will live their lifes in peace as long as they live in Indian democracy. Theyinclude individual rigts common to most liberal democracies, such as equalitybefore the law, freddom of speech and expression, freedom of association and peaceful assembly, freedom ofreligion, and the right to constitutional remedies for theprotection of civil right. Originally, the right to property was also included in the Fundamental Rights, however, the Forty-Fourth Amendment, passed in 1978, revised the status of property rights by stating that "No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law." Following are the Fudamental Rights in India Right to Equality *. Article 14 :- Equality before law and equal protection of law *. Article 15 :- Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. *. Article 16 :- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment *. Article 17 :- End of untouchability *. Article 18 :- Abolition of titles, Military and academicdistinctions are, however, exempted Right to Freedom *. Article 19 :- It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamentals freedoms:- 1. Freedom of Speech and Expression 2. Freedom of Assembly 3. Freedom of form Associations 4. Freedom of Movement 5. Freedom of Residence and Settlement 6. Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness *. Article 20 :- Protection in respect of conviction for offences *. Article 21 :- Protection of life and personal liberty *. Article 22 :- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases Right Against Exploitation *. Article 23 :- Traffic in human beings prohibited *. Article 24 :- No child below the age of 14 can be employed Right to freedom of Religion *. Article 25 :- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion *. Article 26 :- Freedom to manage religious affairs *. Article 27 :- Prohibits taxes on religious grounds *. Article 28 :- Freedom as toattendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions Cultural and Educational Rights *. Article 29 :- Protection of interests of minorities *. Article 30 :- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions *. Article 31 :- Omitted by the44th Amendment Act Right to Constitutional Remedies *. Article 32 :- The right to move the Supreme Court incase of their violation (called Soul and heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar) *. Forms of Writ check *. Habeas Corpus :- Equality before law and equal protection of law

Constitution of India and Polity 2

SCHEDULES IN CONSTITUTION Followings are the schedules in Constitution of India First Schedule *. List of States & Union Territories Second Schedule *. Salary of President, Governors, Chief Judges, Judges of High Court and Supreme court, Comptrollerand Auditor General Third Schedule *. Forms of Oaths and affirmations Fourth Schedule *. Allocate seats for each state of India in Rajya Sabha Fifth Schedule *. Administration and control of scheduled areas and tribes Sixth Schedule *. Provisions for administration of Tribal Area in Asom, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram & Arunachal Pradesh Seventh Schedule *. Gives allocation of powers and functions between Union & States. It contains 3 lists 1. Union List (For central Govt) 99 Subjects. 2. States List (Powers of State Govt) 66 subjects 3. Concurrent List (Both Union& States) 46 subjects. Eighth Schedule *. List of 22 languages of India recognized by Constitution 1. Assamese 2. Bengali 3. Gujarati 4. Hindi 5. Kannada 6. Kashmiri 7. Manipuri 8. Malayalam 9. Konkani 10. Marathi 11. Nepali 12. Oriya 13. Punjabi 14. Sanskrit 15. Sindhi 16. Tamil 17. Telegu 18. Urdu 19. Santhali 20. Bodo 21. Maithili 22. Dogri *. Sindhi was added in 1967 by 21 Amendment *. Konkani, Manipuri ad Nepali were added in 1992 by 71 amendment Santhali, Maithili, Bodo and Dogri were added in 2003 by 92 amendment Ninth Schedule *. Added by Ist amendment in 1951. Contains acts & orders related to land tenure, land tax, railways,industries.{Right of property not a fundamentalright now} Tenth Schedule *. Added by 52nd amendment in 1985. Contains provisions of disqualification of grounds of defection Eleventh Schedule *. By 73rd amendment in 1992. Contains provisions of Panchayati Raj. Twelfth Schedule *. By 74thamendment in 1992.Contains provisions of Municipal Corporation.

Constitution of India and Polity

Constitution of India and Polity The present constitution of India was framed by the Constitution Assembly of India setup under Cabinet Mission Plan of May 16, 1946. Composition of Constituent Assembly:- *. The Constituent Assembly consisted of 385 members, of which 292 were elected by he elected members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies while 93 members were nominated bythe Princely States. To these were to be added a representative each from the four Chief Commissioners Provinces ofDelhi, Ajmer-Marwar, Coorg and British Baluchistan. *. Each Province and each Indian State or group of States were allotted the total number of seas proportional to their respective population roughly in the ration of one to a million. *. B N Rao was appointed the Constitutional Advisor of theAssembly. *. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place of Dec 9, 1946 with Dr.Sachidanand Sinha as its interim President. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as its President n Dec 11, 1947. *. The Assembly framing the Constitution.had 13 Committees. *. The all-important Drafting Committee, which bore the responsibility of drafting theConstitutional document during the recess of the Constitutent Assembly, from July 1947 to September 1948, was formed on August29, 1947. Its members were: 1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 2. N. Gopalaswami Ayyar 3. K.M. Munshi 4. Syyed Mohd. Saadulla 5. N.Madhav Rao 6. D.P.Khaitan (T Krishnamachari, after Kahitan’s Death in 1948) *. It was finally passed and accepted on Nov 26, 1949. The session of the Assembly was held on Jan 24, 1950, which unanimouslyelected Dr, Rajendra Prasadas the President of India. In all the 284 members of the Assembly signed the official copies of the Indian Constitution which came into effect on Jan 26, 1950, known and celebrated as the Republic Day of India. PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION. The Indian Constitution starts with the preamble which outlines the main objectives of the Constitution. It reads: " WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure all its citizens." JUSTICE, social economic and political. LIBERTY, of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship. EQUALITY, of status and of opportunity, and to promote among them all. FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and unity and integrity of the nation. IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, this twenty sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, "ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES HIS CONSTITUTION ". Idea of preamble borrowed from Constitution of US. The words ‘SOCIALIST’, ‘SECULAR’ and ‘UNITY’ & ‘INTEGRITY’ were added bythe 42nd Amendment in 1976. Preamble is not justifiable BORROWED FEATURES OF CONSTITUTION. Following are the borrowed features of constitution from different countries. From U.K. *. Nominal Head – President (like Queen) *. Cabinet System of Ministers *. Post of PM *. Parliamentary Type of Govt. *. Bicameral Parliament *. Lower House more powerful *. Council of Ministers responsible to Lowe House *. Speaker in Lok Sabha From U.S. *. Written Constitution *. Executive head of state known as President and his being the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces *. Vice- President as the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha *. Fundamental Rights *. Supreme Court *. Provision of States *. Independence of Judiciary and judicial review *. Preamble *. Removal of Supreme court and High court Judges From USSR *. Fundamental Duties *. Five year Plan From AUSTRALIA *. Concurrent list *. Language of the preamble *. Provision regarding trade,commerce and intercourse From JAPAN *. Law on which the Supreme Court function From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY *. Suspension of FundamentalRights during the emergency From CANADA *. Scheme of federation with a strong centre *. Distribution of powers between centre and the states and placing. Residuary Powers with the centre From IRELAND *. Concept of Directive Principles of States Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN) *. Method of election of President *. Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the President